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Stainless Steel Tubing Terms
–
Reducing hardness and stress in a metal, such as stainless
steel, through heating and cooling applications.
– A form of
annealing in which the level of atmospheric gas is reduced in order to
remove surface oxides from the surface of the stainless steel and to prevent
discoloration during the annealing process. This process is responsible
for the bright, shiny appearance associated with stainless steel.
– The internal
pressure limit of tubing at which point the tube material will expand
to the point of deformation or bursting.
– A cold forming
process, commonly used in tube and pipe diameter reduction, in which a
tube is drawn through a carbide die. The diameter of the emerging tube
or pipe reflects the size of the die.
– A characteristic
of a welded tube in which wall thickness remains consistent throughout
the tube, and the inside and outside diameter centers are equivalent to
one another.
– The decay of metals
by chemical agents, which convert them to nonmetallic products. Stainless
steel has a passive film created by the presence of chromium and often
other alloying elements, such as nickel and molybdenum, that resists
this process.
– The depth
of bend or the sweep of the arc. The minimum degree of bend is about
five degrees, while the maximum degree of bend in rotary-draw bending
is 180 degrees.
– The testing
of tube properties, such as tensile strength, yield strength, hardness,
burst pressure and bending.
– A characteristic
of seamless tubing in which wall thickness is not consistent throughout
the tube.
– A characteristic
of tubular products that is measured on samples of tubing using a standard
Rockwell Penetrator and recording the results on the Rockwell "B"
scale. Hardness is the direct result of annealing temperatures and material
properties; in general, as the hardness number increases, both tensile
and yield strengths increase along with a corresponding decrease in elongation
(ductility).
– A test
in which water is introduced into the tube at high pressure levels in
order to test for holes and porous parts. Because hydrostatic testing
is a nondestructive test, the water pressure level does not surpass the
tube’s yield strength.
– A term
that refers to the diameter of the interior portion of stainless tubing
and pipes. The measurement of the tube or pipe is not included in I.D.
– A pipe
specification system that associates certain nominal pipe diameters with
standardized wall thickness called “schedules.” The same schedule
number will have a different fixed decimal inch value for each nominal
diameter.
– A term that refers to the diameter of the exterior portion of
stainless tubing and pipes. The tube or pipe is included in the O.D. measurement.
– A quantitative measurement
of how "round" a tube is, which is derived by comparing width
to height. Limits of ovality are specified on the appropriate ASTM
specification of a product.
– The creation
of a passive oxide layer on stainless steel, which is responsible for
the high corrosion resistance of stainless steel.
– The impurities remaining
in mini-mill stainless steels, which result from the wide variety of metals
entering the process.
– The creation
of stainless tubes through the use of a piercing mill. During the process,
a round blank is pierced to produces the tube, which produces inconsistency
in wall thickness throughout the tube that can be fixed through secondary
operations.
– The creation
of stainless tubes through roll
forming and fusing the stainless steel along a seam. Welding provides
consistency throughout the stainless steel tubes.
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